AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:
- Connectivity defines the distinctive anatomy and function of the hand-knob areaby Ahmad Beyh on 6 Settembre 2024
Control of the hand muscles during fine digit movements requires a high level of sensorimotor integration, which relies on a complex network of cortical and subcortical hubs. The components of this network have been extensively studied in human and non-human primates, but discrepancies in the findings obtained from different mapping approaches are difficult to interpret. In this study, we defined the cortical and connectional components of the hand motor network in the same cohort of 20 healthy...
- Mirror movements in multiple sclerosis -a clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging studyby Korbinian Holzapfel on 6 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: MM are common in MS and can easily be detected through bedside testing. As MM are associated with fatigue, they might indicate fatigue in MS. It is possible that other cerebral structures, in addition to the corpus callosum, may contribute to the origin of MM in MS.
- Personalized whole-brain activity patterns predict human corticospinal tract activation in real-timeby Uttara U Khatri on 4 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Our results show for the first time that personalized whole-brain EEG activity patterns predict CST activation in real-time in healthy humans. These findings represent a pivotal step towards using personalized brain state-dependent TMS interventions to promote poststroke CST function.
- Age and visual cortex inhibition: a TMS-MRS studyby Molly Simmonite on 3 Settembre 2024
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation is a valuable tool for investigating inhibitory mechanisms in motor cortex. We recently demonstrated its use in measuring cortical inhibition in visual cortex, using an approach in which participants trace the size of phosphenes elicited by stimulation to occipital cortex. Here, we investigate age-related differences in primary visual cortical inhibition and the relationship between primary visual cortical inhibition and local GABA+ in the same...
- Noninvasive brain stimulation to improve motor outcomes after strokeby Emma C J Savelon on 2 Settembre 2024
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights recent developments in noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques and applications for improving motor outcomes after stroke. Two promising areas of development relate to deep brain neuromodulation and the use of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) within a prediction tool for predicting upper limb outcome for individual patients.
- The reliability and validity of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping for muscles under active contractionby Nahian S Chowdhury on 30 Agosto 2024
Rapid mapping is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping method which can significantly reduce data collection time compared to traditional approaches. However, its validity and reliability has only been established for upper-limb muscles during resting-state activity. Here, we determined the validity and reliability of rapid mapping for non-upper limb muscles that require active contraction during TMS: the masseter and quadriceps muscles. Eleven healthy participants attended two...
- Innovative Management of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia Using Lidocaine Infusion: A Case Reportby Andrei Bautista on 9 Settembre 2024
Prolonged opioid use carries risks, including addiction and dependence. A significant consequence of chronic opioid use is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), where patients experience heightened pain sensitivity. Managing OIH typically involves reducing opioid intake while mitigating withdrawal symptoms. This case report presents a patient with OIH treated with intravenous lidocaine and morphine. OIH presents complex pain management challenges, and lidocaine infusion has shown promise in...
- Design of a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial for the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (COMFORT Study) with a Micro-Implantable Pulse Generatorby John Hatheway on 9 Settembre 2024
BACKGROUND: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) is an established therapy for chronic neuropathic pain of peripheral origin, typically following nerve injury. However, there is a paucity of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) demonstrating the therapeutic benefits of PNS. The goals of the current study (COMFORT Study) are to document the safety and efficacy of the Nalu Neurostimulation in a PNS RCT, compared to conventional medical management (CMM).
- Is there a role for capsaicin in cancer pain management?by Richard Gordon-Williams on 9 Settembre 2024
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Advances in oncological therapies have resulted in an increase in the number of patients living with and beyond cancer. The personal and societal impact of chronic pain in the survivor population represents an area of significant unmet need. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) may provide analgesia with limited systemic side effects. This review looks to summarise the most recent evidence regarding the use of capsaicin in the management of cancer pain.
- RNA-binding protein SYNCRIP contributes to neuropathic pain through stabilising CCR2 expression in primary sensory neuronesby Yang Zhang on 7 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: SYNCRIP contributes to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain likely through stabilising expression of CCR2 in injured DRG. SYNCRIP may be a potential target for treating this disorder.
- SPIDOL study protocol for the assessment of intrathecal ziconotide antalgic efficacy for severe refractory neuropathic pain due to spinal cord lesionsby Andrei Brinzeu on 7 Settembre 2024
RATIONALE: Central neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury is notoriously debilitating and difficult to treat with few currently available treatments. A novel molecule with intrathecal administration: Ziconotide has been approved for treatment of refractory neuropathic pain in general. It acts as a presynaptic calcium channel blocker. A pilot study has shown its potential in SCI neuropathic pain patients.
- Auriculotemporal neuralgia overlapped with chronic orofacial myofascial pain: A case report of a challenging diagnosisby Tatiana Prosini da Fonte on 6 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: These findings support reintroducing AN into diagnostic criteria, aiding clinicians in diagnostic reasoning, and preventing unnecessary interventions.
- Oxytocin Modulation of Explicit Pandemic Stigma in Men with Varying Social Anxiety Levelsby Yuwei Wang on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that intranasal OT administration could temporally impact explicit cognitive judgment on disease-related stigma but not implicit aspect of this stigma; furthermore, it modulated in a distinct way in individuals with different levels of social anxiety. These findings highlight the trait-dependent oxytocin modulation on disease-related stigma, implying that oxytocin is partly involved in the endocrine system of disease-related stigma. By...
- Stress-resilient effect of Spirulina platensis on zebrafish chronic unpredictable stress modelby Harender Kumar on 9 Settembre 2024
Spirulina platensis is rich in nutritional profile and a great source of prebiotic with neuro-protective properties. Stress is an inevitable part of today's lives, affecting people differently, and individuals with resilient adaptations are less vulnerable to it. The present study aims at evaluating Spirulina as a prebiotic supplement in the early life of zebrafish to cope with chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in its later stage of life. Zebrafish 5dpf larvae were fed with 1% Spirulina...
- Time-restricted feeding does not prevent adverse effects of palatable cafeteria diet on adiposity, cognition and gut microbiota in ratsby Margaret J Morris on 9 Settembre 2024
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a popular dietary strategy whereby daily food intake is limited to a
- Math anxiety in elementary students: Examining the role of timing and task complexityby Kathrin E Maki on 9 Settembre 2024
Although many students experience math anxiety in school, the contexts in which it occurs are not well-understood. Increased understanding of the environmental situations that might elicit math anxiety is needed to better support students' math achievement. Using a within-subjects design, we examined differences in math anxiety and math performance across math task timing (i.e., overt timing vs. covert timing) and math task complexity (i.e., simple vs. complex problems) with 113 fourth- (n = 38)...
- Expression of Concern: Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity surveyon 9 Settembre 2024
No abstract
- Comparative efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for mitigating pain and anxiety associated with venipuncture: a randomised controlled trialby Sherzad Khudeida Suleman on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The combined TICK-B distraction and TKTX cream topical anaesthetic intervention was the most effective in reducing pain intensity and fear during and after venipuncture in children, providing a practical strategy for healthcare providers to optimise needle procedure management.
- The electro-convulsive therapy story of Africa, a systematic reviewby Joan Abaatyo on 9 Settembre 2024
Over the years, the use of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has gained increasing acceptance as a viable treatment for managing treatment-resistant mental health conditions, and it is known to deliver more rapid therapeutic benefits than most treatment modalities in psychiatry. However, the practice of ECT exhibits significant variability both within and between countries. This review aimed to shed light on the status of ECT in the African context and its implications for mental health care in...
- Characterization of postintensive care syndrome in a prospective cohort of survivors of COVID-19 critical illness: a 12-month follow-up studyby Sol Fernández-Gonzalo on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Postintensive care syndrome was common in COVID-19 critical illness survivors and persisted in a significant proportion of patients one year after ICU discharge, impacting HRQoL. The presence of risk factors for PICS may identify patients who are more likely to develop the condition and who would benefit from more specific and closer follow-up after ICU admission.
- Sleep disruption in patients with active and treated endogenous Cushing's syndromeby Eliza B Geer on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with treated CS report improved sleep quality compared to those with active disease, but almost half of treated patients still report sleep challenges. The need for sleep medications, reported by one third of patients, was not different after CS treatment. Ongoing mood disturbances may play a role in persistent sleep disruption. Further work should focus on determinants of sleep impairments in treated CS patients.
- Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Studyby Eero A Haapala on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.
- The relationship between brain structure volumes, depressive symptoms and body composition in obese/overweight and normal-/underweight womenby Lidia Łapińska on 9 Settembre 2024
Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and heterogeneous in women. Different brain structures might be associated with depressive symptoms and body composition in women with obesity/overweight and normal-/underweight, although the data is limited. The analysis included 265 women from Bialystok PLUS population study, untreated with antidepressive or antipsychotic medications. The subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and body composition analysis. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)...
- Electroencephalography-based endogenous phenotype of diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorderby Kuk-In Jang on 9 Settembre 2024
The neuropathology of mood disorders, including the diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD), is poorly understood. This study investigated resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) activity in patients with MDD and those whose diagnosis changed from MDD to BD. Among sixty-eight enrolled patients with MDD, the diagnosis of 17 patients converted to BD during the study period. We applied machine learning techniques to differentiate the two groups using...
- Caffeine consumption of medical students in Korea: amount and symptoms based on a 2023 surveyby Seong Woo Choi on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Caffeinated beverage consumption was routine among current medical students, with 20% consuming more than the recommended daily amount. Most students experienced at least one caffeine-induced symptom, with two symptoms in half, suggesting the need for policy measures and warnings about caffeine-containing foods.
- Oppression-Based Stress and Alcohol Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: An Intersectional Multilevel Frameworkby Ethan H Mereish on 9 Settembre 2024
PURPOSE: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at heightened risk for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. This paper: (a) presents an oppression framework that integrates intersectionality, stress, stigma, and addiction-based theories to examine the complex and nuanced ways oppression-based stress (e.g., minority stress) leads to sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in alcohol use; (b) conducts a...
- Disrupting Social Violence Is Everybody's Businessby Marty Lewis-Hunstiger on 9 Settembre 2024
Our overarching theme for Creative Nursing Volume 30 is The Impact of Social Forces on Nursing and Health. The theme of this current journal issue was originally called Social Violence. In planning this issue, our Editorial Board had to confront head-on the many ways in which overt violence or the threat of violence pervades our lives, as nurses and as individuals. We broadened the title to Consequences and Disruptive Solutions for Social Violence, choosing to focus on what we can do to...
- Sexual practices, their influencers, and utilization of HIV services among female sex workers in Mombasa County, Kenyaby Robert Abuga Mokinu on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: female sex workers engage in unprotected sex while under the influence of substances, belief in re-using condoms and have high frequency of sexual intercourse. Inadequate knowledge of HIV and substance use significantly correlated with unprotected sex. Interventions to address these modifiable factors are needed to mitigate the risk of HIV among FSWs.
- National Case Volumes and Gender Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization for Psychiatric Emergencies: A Population-Based Claims Data Analysisby Nnenna Okafor on 9 Settembre 2024
Introduction The utilization of emergency departments (EDs) for managing psychiatric emergencies has significantly increased in the United States because of the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study examined national case volumes and sex disparities in ED visits for psychiatric emergencies using data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Methods This retrospective analysis included adult ED visits for psychiatric emergencies identified using relevant...
- Transitioning From a Standard Low-Dose to a Rapid Low-Dose Buprenorphine Initiation in a Hospital Setting-A Case Reportby Joseph B Williams on 9 Settembre 2024
No abstract
- The Impact of Potent Addictive Substances on Angiogenic Behavior: A Comprehensive Reviewby Laith Naser Al-Eitan on 9 Settembre 2024
Angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature from preexisting vasculature, is involved in the development of several diseases as well as various physiological processes. Strict cooperation of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors mediates the control of angiogenesis. The fundamental steps in angiogenesis include endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Addictive substances, which are considered therapeutic candidates in research and medicine, are classified as natural...
- Modeling impaired insight after drug use in rodentsby Marios Chris Panayi on 9 Settembre 2024
Impaired insight in substance use disorder has been argued to reflect a global deficit in using cognitive models to mentally simulate possible future outcomes. The process of mentally simulating outcomes allows us to understand our beliefs about their causes, that is, to have insight and thereby avoid potentially negative outcomes. However, work in humans cannot address whether impaired insight and its neural/neurochemical sequalae are present prior to the development of a substance use...
- Frequent Cocaine Use is Associated With Larger HIV Latent Reservoir Sizeby Bradley E Aouizerat on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine use may contribute to a larger replication competent HLR in CD4+ T cells among virologically suppressed women living with HIV. Our findings are important because women are underrepresented in HIV reservoir studies and in studies of the impact of cocaine use on outcomes among PLWH.
- Sex-Specific ADNP/NAP (Davunetide) Regulation of Cocaine-Induced Plasticityby Yael Toren on 9 Settembre 2024
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder estimated to effect 1-3% of the population. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain development and functioning, shown to be protective in fetal alcohol syndrome and to regulate alcohol consumption in adult mice. The goal of this study was to characterize the role of ADNP, and its active peptide NAP (NAPVSIPQ), which is also known as davunetide (investigational drug) in mediating cocaine-induced...
- Single nucleus/cell RNA-seq of the chicken hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis offers new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ovarian developmentby Dong Leng on 8 Settembre 2024
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis represents a central neuroendocrine network essential for reproductive function. Despite its critical role, the intrinsic heterogeneity within the HPO axis across vertebrates and the complex intercellular interactions remain poorly defined. This study provides the first comprehensive, unbiased, cell type-specific molecular profiling of all three components of the HPO axis in adult Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens. Within the...
- Effect of Plasmafiltration and Adsorption in Cocaine Abuse: A Case Reportby N Coviello on 7 Settembre 2024
Rhabdomyolysis is one of the principal causes of acute kidney disease. Multiple endogenous and exogenous causes could start this process: cocaine addiction, a social phenomenon present in our Country among young adults, is one exogenous causes. Natural stimulating alkaloid cocaine has toxic action on multiple systems, principally central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Etiopathogenesis is related either to changes in local and systemic hemodynamics, or to direct damage caused by...
- Incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes in adults living with obesity treated with tirzepatide or semaglutide: real world evidence from an international retrospective cohort studyby Matthew Anson on 9 Settembre 2024
BACKGROUND: Tirzepatide, a novel dual agonist of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), has demonstrated greater magnitude of weight loss compared to semaglutide in a phase 3 clinical trial. However, the effect of tirzepatide on incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in individuals with overweight and obesity, and the effect on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with pre-existing T2D, remains unknown.
- Over a century of progress on Trichinella research in pigs at the United States Department of Agriculture: Challenges and solutionsby Jitender P Dubey on 9 Settembre 2024
Trichinellosis, caused by 13 species/subspecies/genotypes in the nematode genus Trichinella, is a worldwide zoonosis. In the United States, trichinellosis was of historical and economic significance because of European restrictions on the import of U.S. pork. Before the advent of effective protective measures, most cases of trichinellosis were derived from consumption of undercooked or inadequately processed, infected pork. Research conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)...
- The lived experience of gambling-related harm in natural languageby Simon T van Baal on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal the co-occurrence of different harms, such as the frequent mentions of financial harms and concomitant emotional/psychological harms. The analysis of the lived experiences of gambling-related harm in natural language represents a useful tool for gambling research and can provide a different perspective to inform policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- Psychometric Properties and Normative Data of the Spanish UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale in Adolescentsby Esteve Montasell-Jordana on 9 Settembre 2024
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct linked to a broad spectrum of psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders. The UPPS-P model has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing impulsivity from a multi-dimensional perspective. Despite its relevance, few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the UPPS-P scale scores in a large, representative sample of adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish UPPS-P in adolescents and to...
- The moderating effect of understanding advertising intent on the relation between advertising recognition and problematic use of loot boxes among minors: An exploratory studyby Joaquín González-Cabrera on 6 Settembre 2024
The use of loot boxes has been compared to gambling due to its random nature, with the consequent risk of being conceived as an ordinary activity implemented in the daily routine. One of the factors contributing to these gambling behaviors is exposure to gambling advertisements. It is essential to protect children and adolescents from prejudicial advertising, since due to their psycho-evolutionary development, advertising makes them impressionable and suggestible. Currently, there is scarcely...
- Neural responses to decision-making in suicide attempters with youth major depressive disorderby Ciqing Bao on 6 Settembre 2024
An improved understanding of the factors associated with suicidal attempts in youth suffering from depression is crucial for the identification and prevention of future suicide risk. However, there is limited understanding of how neural activity is modified during the process of decision-making. Our study aimed to investigate the neural responses in suicide attempters with major depressive disorder (MDD) during decision-making. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 79 individuals aged...
- A Spongy Appetite: A Case of Picaby Inês Miranda Paulo on 9 Settembre 2024
Pica is an eating disorder defined as the compulsive and repeated ingestion of substances that have no nutritional value for at least one month. This condition may be hard to diagnose without complications, as a high degree of suspicion is needed. The subject in this case was a teenager who presented with asthenia and unspecific abdominal pain. The etiological workup showed no abnormalities other than mild anemia and iron and folate deficiencies. After a thorough anamnesis, the patient's mother...
- National Case Volumes and Gender Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization for Psychiatric Emergencies: A Population-Based Claims Data Analysisby Nnenna Okafor on 9 Settembre 2024
Introduction The utilization of emergency departments (EDs) for managing psychiatric emergencies has significantly increased in the United States because of the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study examined national case volumes and sex disparities in ED visits for psychiatric emergencies using data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Methods This retrospective analysis included adult ED visits for psychiatric emergencies identified using relevant...
- Mapping eating disorders in adolescents and young adults: an investigation of geographic distribution and access to care in Ontario, Canadaby Nelson Pang on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancies in eating disorder symptomology between urban/rural may stem from stigma and unique socio-cultural contexts in rural communities. The study underscores the need for targeted intervention, including telehealth, in addressing the eating disorder challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in rural regions.
- The validation of short eating disorder, body dysmorphia, and Weight Bias Internalisation Scales among UK adultsby Dorottya Lantos on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the short forms of the tested scales may perform similarly to the full versions.
- Obesity as an aggravating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus disease: What we already know and what we must explore? - A rapid scoping reviewby Lucas M Carvalho on 8 Settembre 2024
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs and systems. Symptoms of SLE can vary widely from person to person and over time, including fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, fever, and inflammation of multiple organs. The association between SLE and excess body weight has been the subject of study, with evidence suggesting that overweight and obesity can worsen the disease´s clinical presentation. Obesity is linked to a state of low-grade chronic...
- Evaluation of Mean Plasma Glucose Levels Using HbA1C in Patients With Severe Eating Disordersby Leah Puckett on 7 Settembre 2024
OBJECTIVE: Hypoglycemia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with severe eating disorders. We measured average glycemic levels using hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in patients hospitalized for extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
- Optimization of self- or parent-reported psychiatric phenotypes in longitudinal studiesby Franjo Ivankovic on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Self- or parent-report-based assessments tend to overestimate prevalences of psychiatric disorders in the ABCD Study, particularly when longitudinal data are summed to create lifetime prevalences. Such assessments should be accompanied by more in-depth assessments or clinician-administered structured interviews if using data where accurate disorder classifications are paramount.
- Mental health of primary health care physicians and nurses following prolonged infection control rules: a national survey in Chinaby Crystal Jingru Li on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Attention should be given to preexisting psychiatric and multimorbid conditions, social support, and work-related stressors. Regular assessment and psychological interventions are needed to enhance the mental health of PHC professionals even after public health crisis.
- Deep Brain Stimulation for Childhood Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Mental Health Clinician Views on Candidacy Factorsby Ilona Cenolli on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians generally saw considering DBS treatment in youth as a last resort and only for very specific cases. DBS referral was predominantly viewed as acceptable for children with severe TR-OCD who have undertaken intensive, appropriate treatment without success, whose OCD has significantly reduced their quality of life, and who exhibit strong motivation to continue treatment given the right environment. Appropriate safeguards, eligibility criteria, and procedures should be...
- The effectiveness of psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published over last 30 yearsby Yingying Wang on 6 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological treatments are effective in reducing OCD symptom severity. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting these results due to the high heterogeneity and risk of bias across RCTs. Future studies with more rigorous methodology are required, as well as studies examining their long-term effectiveness.
- The role of the district nurse providing care to service users with obsessive compulsive disorderby Amanda Hobson on 6 Settembre 2024
Service users living with Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) often delay or avoid seeking diagnosis or treatment because of a fear of judgement or feelings of shame associated with their obsessions and compulsions. They may feel that their behaviour defies societal norms, which can lead to social isolation, and in turn, further contribute to health inequality. When such individuals present with physical illness and are seen by district nurses, it is imperative that behaviours are understood and...
- Association between childhood maltreatment and obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbid with eating disorders: a cross-sectional studyby Salma Attar on 6 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates that CTE increases the risk of comorbid OCD in ED patients, correlating with more clinically severe ED and a higher likelihood of anxiety disorders.
- Alterations in fear learning as a mechanism linking childhood exposure to violence with PTSD symptoms: a longitudinal studyby Laura Machlin on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma is associated with altered fear learning in youth, which may be one mechanism linking exposure to violence with the emergence of PTSD symptoms in adolescence.
- The psychosocial impacts of the 15 March terrorist attack on the Christchurch Muslim community: A descriptive, cross-sectional assessmentby Ruqayya Sulaiman-Hill on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the repercussions of the Christchurch mosque attack on the affected community, describing the complexity of exposure and the substantial burden of morbidity experienced. It also highlights the high levels of social connectedness and the role of faith in promoting positive outcomes in the recovery process for this population.
- The Patient Population of a No-Cost, Student-Run LGBTQ+ Mental Health Clinic: A Case for Equitable and Trauma-Informed Careby Constance Zhou on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to characterize vulnerable subpopulations to create equitable, accessible, and competent mental health care resources for the LGBTQ+ community.
- Comparison of autonomic reactivity to trauma and nightmare imagery: A Pilot Studyby Christopher M McGrory on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Together, TRN content elicited psychophysiological reactivity similar to that of the index trauma in this pilot study. Upon replication, studies testing TRNs as potential targets for imaginal exposures during PE may be warranted.
- Mental health of primary health care physicians and nurses following prolonged infection control rules: a national survey in Chinaby Crystal Jingru Li on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Attention should be given to preexisting psychiatric and multimorbid conditions, social support, and work-related stressors. Regular assessment and psychological interventions are needed to enhance the mental health of PHC professionals even after public health crisis.
- No Replication of Alzheimer's Disease Genetics as a Moderator of Combat Exposure's Association with PTSD risk in 138,592 Combat Veteransby Erika J Wolf on 9 Settembre 2024
Large-scale cohort and epidemiological studies suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) confers risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD); however, the basis for this association remains unclear. Several prior studies of military Veterans have reported that carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene variant are at heightened risk for the development of PTSD following combat exposure, suggesting that PTSD and ADRD may share some genetic risk. This...
- The Impact of Obesity as a Peripheral Disruptor of Brain Inhibitory Mechanisms in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Studyby Walter Fabris-Moraes on 13 Luglio 2024
Background/Objective: Obesity, characterized by chronic inflammation, may serve as a surrogate marker for more dysfunctional peripheral inflammation, potentially exacerbating FM symptomatology. Given this premise, this study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity as an effect modifier on neural and clinical variables, specifically those indexing pain-compensatory mechanisms in FM symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 participants who underwent a standardized TMS...
- No add-on therapeutic benefit of at-home anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex to mindfulness meditation in patients with fibromyalgiaby Perianen Ramasawmy on 20 Giugno 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate no synergistic or add-on efffect of anodal tDCS of the left M1 compared to the proper effect of MM in patients with fibromyalgia.
- Exercise effects on cortical excitability in pain populations: A systematic review and meta-analysisby Danielle Carolina Pimenta on 11 Giugno 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that exercise interventions positively affect pain relief by modifying corticospinal excitability, but their effects on ICI/ICF are still unclear. While the results are inconclusive, they provide a basis for further exploration in this area of research; future studies should focus on establishing standardized TMS measurements and exercise protocols to ensure consistent and reliable findings. A large-scale RCT that examines various exercise interventions and...
- Effect of neuronavigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on pain, cognition and cortical excitability in fibromyalgia syndromeby Vikas Kumar Tiwari on 25 Gennaio 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention is effective in managing pain alongside cognition and sleep disturbances in patients of fibromyalgia. It may prove to be an important tool in relieving fibromyalgia-associated morbidity.
- TMS in combination with a pain directed intervention for the treatment of fibromyalgia - A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trialby Einat Tilbor on 27 Dicembre 2023
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a course of dTMS combined with a pain-directed psychotherapeutic intervention can alleviate pain symptoms in FMS patients. Beyond clinical possibilities, future studies are needed to substantiate the innovative hypothesis that it is not dTMS alone, but rather dTMS-induced plasticity of pain-related networks, that enables the efficacy of pain-directed psychotherapeutic interventions.
- Motor Cortex Inhibition and Facilitation Correlates with Fibromyalgia Compensatory Mechanisms and Pain: A Cross-Sectional Studyby Kevin Pacheco-Barrios on 28 Giugno 2023
The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures as biomarkers of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) phenotypes is still unclear. We aimed to determine the clinical correlates of TMS measures in FMS patients. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 58 patients. We performed standardized TMS assessments, including resting motor threshold (MT), motor-evoked potential (MEP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Sociodemographic, clinical...
- Using Dual-Target rTMS, Single-Target rTMS, or Sham rTMS on Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairmentby Bingshan Xu on 29 Agosto 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The present study presented data showing that a dual-target rTMS therapy is effective for Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The stimulation exhibited remarkable efficacy, suggesting that dual-target stimulation (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex+motor cortex (L-DLPFC+M1)) holds promise as a potential target for TMS therapy in individuals with cognitive impairment after stroke.
- Precision Network Modeling of TMS Across Individuals Suggests Therapeutic Targets and Potential for Improvementby Wendy Sun on 26 Agosto 2024
Higher-order cognitive and affective functions are supported by large-scale networks in the brain. Dysfunction in different networks is proposed to associate with distinct symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the specific networks targeted by current clinical transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approaches are unclear. While standard-of-care TMS relies on scalp-based landmarks, recent FDA-approved TMS protocols use individualized functional connectivity with the subgenual anterior...
- TMS-derived short afferent inhibition discriminates cognitive status in older adults without dementiaby Mark H Sundman on 12 Agosto 2024
Aging is a complex and diverse biological process characterized by progressive molecular, cellular, and tissue damage, resulting in a loss of physiological integrity and heightened vulnerability to pathology. This biological diversity corresponds with highly variable cognitive trajectories, which are further confounded by genetic and environmental factors that influence the resilience of the aging brain. Given this complexity, there is a need for neurophysiological indicators that not only...
- Prefrontal oscillatory slowing in early-course schizophrenia is associated with worse cognitive performance and negative symptoms: a TMS-EEG studyby Francesco L Donati on 26 Luglio 2024
CONCLUSIONS: A DLPFC oscillatory slowing is an early pathophysiological biomarker of schizophrenia that is associated with its symptom severity and cognitive impairments. Future work should assess whether non-invasive neurostimulation can ameliorate prefrontal oscillatory deficits and related clinical functions in EC-SCZ.
- The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function in post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysisby Mingjin Zhu on 5 Luglio 2024
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis presents evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of TMS as a non-invasive neural modulation tool for improving global cognitive abilities and activities of daily living in stroke patients. However, given the limited number of included studies, further validation of these findings is warranted through large-scale, multi-center, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled trials.
- Recent Research Progress on the Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Vascular Cognitive Impairmentby Sijing Li on 17 Giugno 2024
Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) is a condition where problems with brain blood vessels lead to a decline in cognitive abilities, commonly affecting the elderly and placing a significant burden on both patients and their families. Compared to medication and surgery, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive treatment option with fewer risks and side effects, making it particularly suitable for elderly patients. TMS not only assesses the excitability and plasticity of the...
- Polycystic ovary syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: an updated meta-analysisby Jie He on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: The current literature indicates higher morbidity of OSAHS among women with PCOS, linking OSAHS with worse metabolic status and obesity in this population. Consequently, clinicians are advised to prioritize the detection and management of OSAHS in women with PCOS.
- The Impact of Light-Dark Cycle Alteration on the Acceleration of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice Modelby Amjaad Muhammad Ar Reshaid on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: There was a trend toward earlier development of T1DM among NOD mice exposed to light-dark cycle alteration, but this difference was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings using larger sample sizes and different animal species.
- Translational evaluation of metabolic risk factors impacting DBS efficacy for PD-Related sleep and depressive disorders: preclinical, prospective and cohort studiesby Longping Yao on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSION: In summary, this research emphasizes that DBS is a powerful treatment option for depression and sleep issues in PD, with its success influenced by metabolic risk factors. It further suggests that incorporating treatments for high blood sugar and cholesterol can enhance the efficacy of DBS in treating depression and sleep disturbances in PD, without impacting motor symptoms, highlighting the importance of metabolic risk management in PD patients receiving DBS.
- Characteristics of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in elderly hypertensive males: An observational study of 85 year older patientsby Junwen Wang on 9 Settembre 2024
Although hypertension is highly prevalent among the elderly and significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease risk, studies focusing on male elderly individuals over 85 years old are relatively scarce. This study aimed to investigate ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) characteristics in male hypertensive patients aged over 85 years. These included demographic characteristics, antihypertensive drug use, 24-h ABPM values, diabetes, coronary heart disease, sleep disorders, smoking...
- Changes in the pharyngeal and nasal microbiota in pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophyby Federica Del Chierico on 9 Settembre 2024
The present study aimed to investigate the pharyngeal and nasal microbiota composition in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AH) and assess longitudinal alterations in both microbiota after a probiotic oral spray treatment. A cohort of 57 AH patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the probiotic and placebo groups for a 5-month treatment course. Pharyngeal and nasal swabs were collected before and after treatment and analyzed by 16S rRNA-based metataxonomics and axenic cultures for...
- Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-related risk factors: A cross-sectional studyby Júlia Machado Saporiti on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Significantly increased OSA-related risk factors among overweight/obese children and adolescents and among those who had a parental/self-report of loud snoring were found.
- 4-Phenyl-thiazole-based dual inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase and soluble epoxide hydrolase do not alleviate orofacial inflammatory pain in female ratsby Daniel Carr on 9 Settembre 2024
Pain arising from trigeminal systems such as headache is common, debilitating, and current treatments (e.g., sumatriptan) are limited. New treatments that target novel mechanisms of action may be required to innovate both short- and long-term pain therapy. Fatty acid amide hydrolase and soluble epoxide hydrolase are two pain-related enzymes that regulate pain and inflammation via independent pathways. We have previously demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of these enzymes using a novel...
- The Prevalence of Comorbidities and Their Association With Disability Progression in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Study From Brazilby Marco Aurélio Gralha de Caneda on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidities are more prevalent among Brazilian individuals with MS than in the general population and are associated with disease progression. Identifying and managing them may mitigate their adverse effects on disease course.
- Visual Field Defects and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Migraine Patients: A Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Indiaby Raja Am on 9 Settembre 2024
Background This study aimed to analyze the visual field changes and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness during the headache phase of migraine attacks among migraine patients compared with controls. Methodology A prospective, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Palakkad, Kerala from January 2022 to August 2023. This study included 50 migraine patients and 50 age/gender-matched controls. Adults aged 20-40 years with a more than three-year history of migraine were...
- A Review on Osteopathic Manipulation in Patients With Headacheby H V Sharath on 9 Settembre 2024
Headaches are a common neurological disorder, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments include pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a holistic, hands-on technique used by osteopathic physicians to alleviate pain and improve function by addressing musculoskeletal dysfunctions. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulation in managing headaches, focusing on the different types of...
- Cost per treatment responder analysis of atogepant compared to rimegepant for the preventive treatment of episodic migraineby Jessica Ailani on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Atogepant had substantially lower numbers needed to treat and costs per additional responder versus placebo than rimegepant for the preventive treatment of EM across all evaluated scenarios. These analyses suggest that atogepant may be more cost effective than rimegepant for the preventive treatment of EM. Limitations include differences in inclusion/exclusion criteria and in reporting of the ≥50% responder rates between trials.
- Medical comorbidities and other factors associated with migraine among individuals with diabetes mellitus in Hungary: a cross-sectional study using European Health Interview Surveys 2009-2019by Eszter Varga on 9 Settembre 2024
INTRODUCTION: Migraine, a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches, affects over 1.1 billion individuals globally. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic condition marked by high blood sugar levels, affects 463 million individuals according to the International Diabetes Federation. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between migraine and DM and to identify several demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as medical and psychiatric...
- A Spongy Appetite: A Case of Picaby Inês Miranda Paulo on 9 Settembre 2024
Pica is an eating disorder defined as the compulsive and repeated ingestion of substances that have no nutritional value for at least one month. This condition may be hard to diagnose without complications, as a high degree of suspicion is needed. The subject in this case was a teenager who presented with asthenia and unspecific abdominal pain. The etiological workup showed no abnormalities other than mild anemia and iron and folate deficiencies. After a thorough anamnesis, the patient's mother...
- National Case Volumes and Gender Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization for Psychiatric Emergencies: A Population-Based Claims Data Analysisby Nnenna Okafor on 9 Settembre 2024
Introduction The utilization of emergency departments (EDs) for managing psychiatric emergencies has significantly increased in the United States because of the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study examined national case volumes and sex disparities in ED visits for psychiatric emergencies using data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Methods This retrospective analysis included adult ED visits for psychiatric emergencies identified using relevant...
- Mapping eating disorders in adolescents and young adults: an investigation of geographic distribution and access to care in Ontario, Canadaby Nelson Pang on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancies in eating disorder symptomology between urban/rural may stem from stigma and unique socio-cultural contexts in rural communities. The study underscores the need for targeted intervention, including telehealth, in addressing the eating disorder challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in rural regions.
- The validation of short eating disorder, body dysmorphia, and Weight Bias Internalisation Scales among UK adultsby Dorottya Lantos on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the short forms of the tested scales may perform similarly to the full versions.
- Obesity as an aggravating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus disease: What we already know and what we must explore? - A rapid scoping reviewby Lucas M Carvalho on 8 Settembre 2024
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs and systems. Symptoms of SLE can vary widely from person to person and over time, including fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, fever, and inflammation of multiple organs. The association between SLE and excess body weight has been the subject of study, with evidence suggesting that overweight and obesity can worsen the disease´s clinical presentation. Obesity is linked to a state of low-grade chronic...
- Evaluation of Mean Plasma Glucose Levels Using HbA1C in Patients With Severe Eating Disordersby Leah Puckett on 7 Settembre 2024
OBJECTIVE: Hypoglycemia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with severe eating disorders. We measured average glycemic levels using hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in patients hospitalized for extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
- A 2-Day Postpartum CBT-Based Training for Nursesby Madisyn Campbell on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Providing PHNs with brief CBT-based mental health-related training can increase their confidence in this aspect of their practice, and could potentially improve the quality of care they provide.
- A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Apathy in Parkinson's Diseaseby Olivia Plant on 9 Settembre 2024
Apathy is recognized to be a common, disabling syndrome that occurs across a range of psychiatric and neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease. It can have a significant impact on quality of life, both for people affected and those around them. Currently, there are no established, evidence-based treatments for this debilitating syndrome. Assessment and treatment have been complicated by overlaps with depression and anhedonia, as well as a lack of understanding of the underlying...
- Exploring the thoughts, emotions, and behaviours related to the self-management practices of adults with type 2 diabetesby Elné Visagie on 9 Settembre 2024
This qualitative research study explored the thoughts, emotions, and behaviours of adults aged between 35 and 45 who managed their type 2 diabetes effectively and adults who struggled with diabetes self-management in a South African setting. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 adults who engaged in either successful self-management or who struggled with self-management. Effective management was characterised by an HbA1c level of 8% or lower. This group comprised of nine...
- Digital therapeutics in hypertension: How to make sustainable lifestyle changesby Chaoyi Chen on 9 Settembre 2024
Various digital therapeutic products have been validated and approved since 2017. They have demonstrated efficacy and safety as a new therapeutic modality in various disorders or conditions. Hypertension is a common but serious condition that can be prevented or controlled with lifestyle changes and medicines. Although a digital therapeutic in hypertension is validated and approved in Japan, whether digital therapeutics (DTx) can significantly improve sustainable lifestyle changes is still a...
- Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesityby Carlos M Grilo on 9 Settembre 2024
OBJECTIVE: To explore dietary-restraint as a mediator of binge eating and weight-loss outcomes within a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight loss (BWL) for binge-eating disorder (BED) with obesity.
- Nurse-Supported Self-Directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Randomized Clinical Trialby Christi S Ulmer on 9 Settembre 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found that despite greater prevalence of mental health conditions and sleep difficulties among veterans, a nurse-supported self-directed CBTi was more effective than health education control for reducing insomnia severity and improving sleep outcomes. Although less effective than therapist-delivered CBTi, findings were comparable with other trials using modified CBTi protocols.
- Pilot Study of Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Spectral Electroencephalogram Analyses for Assessing and Treating Persons with Autismby Milan T Makale on 29 Agosto 2024
Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is only partly responsive to prevailing interventions. ASC manifests core challenges in social skills, communication, and sensory function and by repetitive stereotyped behaviors, along with imbalances in the brain's excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) signaling. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise in ASC and may be a useful addition to applied behavioral analysis (ABA), a gold-standard...
- Brain and muscles magnetic stimulation in a drug-free case of Parkinson's disease: Motor improvements concomitant to neuroplastictyby Estelle Gouriou on 22 Agosto 2024
Noninvasive stimulation of the nervous system is of growing interest in Parkinson's disease (PD) to slow-down motor decline and decrease medication and its side-effects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) used in PD to modulate the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) provided controversial results, in part because of interactions with medication. This warrants to administer rTMS in drug-free patients. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS of muscles) has not...
- Combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Reviewby Oluwatosin O Arubuolawe on 19 Agosto 2024
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a significant challenge in psychiatric practice, affecting a substantial proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Traditional treatment modalities often fall short, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies. This literature review examines the combined use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and ketamine in treating TRD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and potential synergies of...
- Fast depressive symptoms improvement in bipolar I disorder after Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy (SAINT): A two-site feasibility and safety open-label trialby Kevin Li on 18 Agosto 2024
CONCLUSIONS: SAINT has shown preliminary feasibility, safety, tolerability, and efficacy in treating treatment-resistant bipolar I depression. Double-blinded sham-controlled trials with larger samples are needed to confirm safety and efficacy.
- Hemiplegic Migraines Exacerbated using an Injectable GLP-1 Agonist for Weight Lossby Edward J Modestino on 9 Agosto 2024
The widespread adoption of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects, including the induction of depression and suicide ideation. We report on a male patient in his early 50s with a complex medical history, including adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder, narcolepsy with cataplexy, and major depressive disorder in remission, who experienced exacerbated hemiplegic migraines after...
- Insight into motor fatigue mechanisms in natalizumab treated multiple sclerosis patients with wearing offby Giorgio Leodori on 31 Luglio 2024
Motor fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is due to reduced motor cortex (M1) output and altered sensorimotor network (SMN) modulation. Natalizumab, a disease-modifying therapy, reduces neuroinflammation and improves fatigue. However, some patients treated with natalizumab experience fatigue recurrence ('wearing-off') before subsequent infusions. Wearing-off provides a valuable window into MS-related motor fatigue mechanisms in a controlled, clinically stable, setting. This study investigates...
