AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:
- Differential glutamatergic and GABAergic responses drive divergent prefrontal cortex neural outcomes to low and high frequency stimulationby Morteza Salimi on 17 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide direct evidence that clinical brain stimulation protocols induce long-term modulation of cortical excitability, with low-frequency stimulation broadly suppressing activity and high-frequency stimulation preferentially inhibiting GABAergic neurons after stimulation.
- Does acupuncture at motor-related acupoints affect corticospinal excitability? A systematic review and meta-analysisby Renming Liu on 17 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This systematic review indicates that both EA and MA could effectively and safely enhance CSE, bringing the corticospinal pathway closer to the threshold for firing, which may ultimately improve motor function. LI4, ST36, LI11, TE5 and GB34 are the most commonly used acupoints. Please cite this article as: Liu R, Moe AAK, Liu W, Zoghi M, Jaberzadeh S. Does acupuncture at motor-related acupoints affect corticospinal excitability? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Med....
- Does Obstructive sleep apnea mediate the risk of cognitive impairment by expanding the perivascular space?by Shuan Ke on 14 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: We identified significant relations among OSA, EPVS, and CI. The AHI is a potential marker for estimating cognitive function in patients with EPVS.
- The Supplementary Motor Area as a Flexible Hub Mediating Behavioral and Neuroplastic Changes in Motor Sequence Learning: A TMS and TMS-EEG Studyby Jing Chen on 13 Marzo 2025
Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning (MSL) through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network. However, the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified. This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper (SMAp) in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both...
- Exercise-induced changes in high-gamma cortical functional connectivity and short-interval intracortical inhibitionby Matteo Conti on 12 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted specific features of exercise-induced central fatigue. Post-exercise, the primary motor cortex became hyperexcitable, possibly as a compensatory response to peripheral fatigue. A complex network of cortical areas involved in cognition and behavior was hyperactivated, likely reflecting awareness of fatigue and self-protection decision-making processes. These changes were reversible, allowing subjects to return to baseline conditions.
- Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study designby Michael K Leuchter on 11 Marzo 2025
INTRODUCTION: Brain network dysfunction, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), is an increasingly apparent contributor to the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can target key DMN hubs, maintain signaling function, and delay or improve clinical outcomes in AD. Here, we present the rationale and design of a study using off-the-shelf equipment and the latest clinical evidence to expand on prior rTMS work and reduce...
- Effectiveness and Safety of Brachial Plexus Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Neuropathic Pain in the Upper Extremities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysisby Ramin Shekouhi on 20 Marzo 2025
Background: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has emerged as a promising treatment for refractory neuropathic pain in the upper extremities, particularly for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims specifically to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nerve stimulation of the brachial plexus (BP) for managing chronic neuropathic pain in the upper extremities. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA...
- Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Update on Clinical Characteristics, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatmentby Jeremy P Steen on 20 Marzo 2025
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic regional pain condition characterized by trigger points-hyperirritable spots within taut bands of muscle fibers that cause both localized and referred pain. The pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and classification of MPS are still under investigation, which complicates the development of standardized treatment protocols. Although diagnostic tools have improved, MPS often remains underrecognized due to symptom overlap with other pain disorders, such as...
- Sema3A relieves Neuropathic Pain by Reducing eIF2alpha Phosphorylation via Suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathwayby Tingting Hu on 19 Marzo 2025
Primary sensory neurons serve as a critical link between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). They represent the initial neural tissue responsible for transmitting sensations and pain. In case where peripheral nerves are injured, nerve fiber regeneration can lead to severe pain. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A), an axon guidance molecule that can be secreted by Schwann cells, has been shown to effectively inhibit the regeneration of embryonic and adult dorsal root...
- Efficacy and safety of PCA-assisted continuous paravertebral block in subacute herpes zoster-associated pain: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, double-blind superiority trialby Bo Yang on 18 Marzo 2025
BACKGROUND: Pain management for herpes zoster-associated pain (ZAP) is essential to improve patients' daily lives and potentially intervene in the chronicity. Long-lasting, repetitive painful stimuli might lead to central sensitization and neuropathic pain generation. The subacute phase is the main period for ZAP patients to seek medical attention, and it is also a critical treatment time window for the transformation of ZAP to chronic pathological changes. Although there is still a lack of...
- Pain persists in mice lacking both Substance P and CGRPalpha signalingby Donald Iain MacDonald on 18 Marzo 2025
The neuropeptides Substance P and CGRPα have long been thought important for pain sensation. Both peptides and their receptors are expressed at high levels in pain-responsive neurons from the periphery to the brain making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, drugs targeting these pathways individually did not relieve pain in clinical trials. Since Substance P and CGRPα are extensively co-expressed, we hypothesized that their simultaneous inhibition would be required for effective...
- Elucidating interplay between myrcene and cannabinoid receptor 1 receptors to produce antinociception in mouse models of neuropathic painby Myra Alayoubi on 17 Marzo 2025
The need for nonaddictive and effective treatments for chronic pain are at an all-time high. Historical precedence, and now clinical evidence, supports the use of cannabis for alleviating chronic pain. A plethora of research on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exists, yet cannabis is comprised of a multitude of constituents, some of which possess analgesic potential, that have not been systematically investigated, including the terpene myrcene. Myrcene attenuates pain hypersensitivity in preclinical...
- Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Benzocaine Gel and Ice for Pain Management in Children during Local Anesthetic Administration by CCLAD: A Randomized Controlled Trialby Nupur Ninawe on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: Topical ice shows better results when compared to benzocaine topical anesthetic gel. Topical ice application along with CCLAD is an almost zero-pain injection technique in pediatric dentistry.
- Comparison of Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Clown Dentists as Anxiety Management Tools among 3-13-year-old Children for Dental Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trialby Sfurty Prakash on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: The anxiety and hemodynamic parameter were lower in both intervention groups (VR and dental clown) than those of the control group.
- A Comparative Study of the CARD™ System and Tell-show-do Technique in the Behavior Management of 6-10-year-old Childrenby Asvitha Babu on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the CARD™ system and TSD technique are equally effective in managing child dental anxiety. Both methods offer viable options for reducing anxiety and enhancing cooperation during dental procedures.
- Comparison of the Efficacy of Aromatherapy and Bubble Breath Play Therapy in Reducing Dental Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trialby Rohini R Bartakke on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: Both aromatherapy and BBPT effectively reduce dental anxiety in children, with BBPT offering additional benefits due to its interactive nature. Future research should explore long-term effectiveness and personalized approaches to optimize anxiety management strategies in pediatric dental settings.
- Statistical analysis plan for the Petal trial: the effects of parental touch on relieving acute procedural pain in neonatesby Luke Baxter on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric pain trials have been highlighted by regulatory bodies as an important and challenging topic, with interest increasing in brain imaging outcomes. The Petal trial, to which this SAP relates, is part of a larger effort of establishing a brain-based EEG outcome measure of infant pain for use in clinical trials. This SAP is thus likely to be of interest to those in academia, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies.
- Effect of Bubble Breath Play Therapy in Anxiety Levels and Pain Perception in Children Receiving Local Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trialby None Shrimahalakshmi on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: BBPT is found to be a simple relaxation and distraction method, which can be considered fun and enhances rapport between doctor and children during treatment. The use of such a technique to relieve the pain and anxiety associated with even a brief painful procedure should be encouraged.
- Predictive factors and risk model for depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive analysis of comorbidities and clinical indicatorsby Chengzheng Duan on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Female, lower BMI, lower LDL-C and higher CIRS score were independently associated with depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. The CIRS score appeared to be more effective in predicting depression risk in people who were male, younger, shorter DM duration, no smoking or no drinking. A more comprehensive prediction model could help clinicians identify patients with type 2 diabetes who are at risk for depression.
- Real-time monitoring to predict depressive symptoms: study protocolby Yu-Rim Lee on 20 Marzo 2025
INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization, Depression is the fourth leading cause of global disease burden. However, traditional clinical and self-report assessments of depression have limitations in providing timely diagnosis and intervention. Recently, digital phenotyping studies have found the possibility of overcoming these limitations through the use of wearable-devices and smartphones. The present study aims to identify the digital phenotype that significantly predicts...
- Marital status and risk of dementia over 18 years: Surprising findings from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centerby Selin Karakose on 20 Marzo 2025
INTRODUCTION: Marital status is a potential risk/protective factor for adverse health outcomes. This study tested whether marital status was associated with dementia risk in older adults.
- Does Low-Value Care Explain Health Care Utilization Inequities Among Asian and Latino Populations?by Sungchul Park on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower overall health care utilization, Asian and Latino subpopulations do not necessarily use the low-value care examined in this study less than the White population. This suggests that lower overall health care utilization among Asian and Latino subpopulations may not solely be attributed to lower use of low-value care.
- Optimal treatment regime estimation in practice: challenges and choices in a randomized clinical trial for depressionby Florian Stijven on 20 Marzo 2025
An important aspect of precision medicine is the tailoring of treatments to specific patient types. Nowadays, various methods are available to estimate for this purpose so-called optimal treatment regimes, that is, decision rules for treatment assignment that map patterns of pretreatment characteristics to treatment alternatives and that maximize the expected patient benefit. However, the application of these methods to real-life data has been limited and comes with nonstandard statistical...
- Behavioural assessment of neuropsychiatric outcomes in rodent stroke modelsby Robert M Callaghan on 20 Marzo 2025
Stroke-associated mood disorders are less recognised than sensorimotor impairment, despite their high prevalence. Similarly, few experimental stroke studies assess non-sensorimotor functions. This study examined the prevalence and implementation of non-sensorimotor tests in three stroke-focused journals over the last twenty years. Of 965 experimental ischaemic stroke papers which used behavioural testing in rodents, 932 included sensorimotor testing, while 137 used non-sensorimotor tests (most...
- Two cases of Sexual Activity-Related Deaths due to Vascular Dissection: investigating the Potential Link to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor administrationby G Napoletano on 20 Marzo 2025
Sexual activity-related sudden death (SArSD) is an uncommon phenomenon in forensic pathology, typically associated with preexisting vascular abnormalities that rupture due to sudden changes in blood pressure or heart rate during sexual activity. The current report presents two cases of SArSD in men with positive anamnesis for chronic sildenafil use. In Case 1, the cause of death was determined to be an intracranial hemorrhage that occurred shortly before sexual intercourse. In Case 2, death was...
- Analysis of risk factors associated with suicidality in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Western Australiaby Grace Kuen Yee Tan on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: These findings add to the growing body of evidence that highlights the vulnerability of individuals with FASD to suicidality compared with the general population, underscoring the need for targeted, culturally safe suicide intervention/prevention efforts.
- Peer support service activity prevalence by setting: a nine-state survey of peer workersby Angela Hagaman on 20 Marzo 2025
INTRODUCTION: Peer recovery support services (PRSS) are flexible, evidence-informed interventions that can be provided in a variety of settings and are delivered by credentialed people with lived-experience of mental health and substance use disorders. PRSS are a promising intervention that may increase linkage to care, treatment retention, and long-term recovery; however, there remains a sizable gap in the literature to disseminate these services to scale. Misunderstanding of the peer worker...
- Microscopic and macroscopic findings in cocaine and crack airways injuries: a literature reviewby A Ghamlouch on 20 Marzo 2025
Cocaine inhalation - and its popular derivative known as crack cocaine - is linked to numerous complications and organ damage, well-recognized in scientific literature, including airway injuries. Airways damage is probably due both to thermal damage by hot vapor and micro-inhalation of crystals, leading to foreign body trauma and inflammation. A brief description of findings is helpful to health professionals - including forensic pathologist - to achieve the correct diagnosis. Our study is of a...
- Exploring longitudinal associations between social determinants of health during adolescence and self-reported contraceptive use in young adulthood in the United Statesby Shristi Bhochhibhoya on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: A favorable environment during adolescence provides a foundation for positive health behaviors. Interventions aimed at improving contraceptive use in young adulthood should consider creating supportive environments for adolescents.
- The hidden risk factors behind of suicidal behavior in medical students: a cross-sectional cohort study in Mexicoby Margarita L Martinez-Fierro on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Sexual orientation, substance use, lack of material, and affective support were identified as significant risk factors for suicidal behavior and suicide attempts among medical students. Additionally, hopelessness, history of mental health diseases, and ADHD symptoms were associated with an increased risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that include behavior modification for substance use and the reinforcement of emotional and social support networks.
- Two cases of Sexual Activity-Related Deaths due to Vascular Dissection: investigating the Potential Link to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor administrationby G Napoletano on 20 Marzo 2025
Sexual activity-related sudden death (SArSD) is an uncommon phenomenon in forensic pathology, typically associated with preexisting vascular abnormalities that rupture due to sudden changes in blood pressure or heart rate during sexual activity. The current report presents two cases of SArSD in men with positive anamnesis for chronic sildenafil use. In Case 1, the cause of death was determined to be an intracranial hemorrhage that occurred shortly before sexual intercourse. In Case 2, death was...
- Microscopic and macroscopic findings in cocaine and crack airways injuries: a literature reviewby A Ghamlouch on 20 Marzo 2025
Cocaine inhalation - and its popular derivative known as crack cocaine - is linked to numerous complications and organ damage, well-recognized in scientific literature, including airway injuries. Airways damage is probably due both to thermal damage by hot vapor and micro-inhalation of crystals, leading to foreign body trauma and inflammation. A brief description of findings is helpful to health professionals - including forensic pathologist - to achieve the correct diagnosis. Our study is of a...
- Stroke Risk in Unstably Housed Women: The Role of Cocaine and Alcohol Co-Useby Akanksha Vaidya on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Cocaethylene and opioids were strongly associated with stroke among women who experience homelessness and unstable housing. This suggests 2 possible opportunities for prevention in an environment where opioid use is already closely monitored. First, women reporting cocaine and alcohol co-use should be counseled about the especially harmful effects of this substance combination on their cerebrovascular health. Second, the utility of cocaethylene to assess stroke risk in high-risk...
- COCAINE-INDUCED MIDLINE DESTRUCTIVE LESIONSby Hanna Pašić on 19 Marzo 2025
Prolonged cocaine inhalation can cause destruction of nasal mucosa and ethmoid sinuses and palate perforation, thus inducing cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) that affect only a limited number of predisposed patients. CIMDL are an autoimmune necrotizing inflammatory phenomenon associated with the presence of atypical antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). Patients complain of epistaxis, nasal obstruction, hyposmia, sinus infections, and facial pain. Protocol for the CIMDL...
- Alternative splicing in addictionby Akanksha Bhatnagar on 19 Marzo 2025
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing medical condition characterized by the compulsive use of drugs or alcohol despite harmful consequences. While transcriptional regulation has long been recognized for its role in addiction, recent genome-wide analyses have uncovered widespread alternative splicing changes that shift protein isoform diversity in multiple brain reward regions central to addiction. In this review, we discuss emerging research and evidence that alternative splicing is dysregulated...
- Until all differential causes have been ruled out, aortic dissection should not be associated with chronic cocaine useby Josef Finsterer on 18 Marzo 2025
No abstract
- Reconsideration of lowering gestational weight gain guidelines in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: evidence from a Belgian studyby Katrien Benhalima on 19 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: This Belgian study suggests that optimal gestational weight gain for singleton at-term pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes should be lower than current recommendations, highlighting the need to reevaluate gestational weight gain guidelines in this context.
- Navigating uncertainty: Risk-averse versus risk-prone strategies in populations facing demographic and environmental stochasticityby Rubén Calvo on 19 Marzo 2025
Strategies aimed at reducing the negative effects of long-term uncertainty and risk are common in biology, game theory, and finance, even if they entail a cost in terms of mean benefit. Here, we focus on the single mutant's invasion of a finite resident population subject to fluctuating environmental conditions. Thus, the game-theoretical model we analyze integrates environmental and demographic randomness, i.e., the two leading sources of stochasticity and uncertainty. We use simulations and...
- Assessment and Management of Concurrent Substance Use in Patients Receiving Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depressive, Obsessive-Compulsive, Psychotic, and Trauma-Related Disorders: A Delphi Consensus Study and Guidelineby Victor M Tang on 19 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations can be readily implemented clinically and provide a framework for future research. In patients receiving rTMS for a primary psychiatric disorder, assessment and management of co-occurring substance use is complex, requiring greater attention, standardization, and further study.
- Inter-rater reliability of stress signatures in exfoliated primary dentition - Improving scientific rigor and reproducibility in histological data collectionby Simone A M Lemmers on 19 Marzo 2025
Accentuated Lines (ALs) in tooth enamel can reflect metabolic disruptions from physiological or psychological stresses during development. They can therefore serve as a retrospective biomarker of generalized stress exposure in archaeological and clinical research. However, little consensus exists on when ALs are identified and inter-rater reliability is poorly quantified across studies. Here, we sought to address this gap by examining the reliability of accentuated (AL) markings across raters,...
- Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)by Léna Nagy on 18 Marzo 2025
Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448...
- Test-retest reliability of decisions under risk with outcome evaluation: evidence from behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) measures in 2 monetary gambling tasksby Jia Jin on 18 Marzo 2025
The balance between potential gains and losses under risk, the stability of risk propensity, the associated reward processing, and the prediction of subsequent risk behaviors over time have become increasingly important topics in recent years. In this study, we asked participants to carry out 2 risk tasks with outcome evaluation-the monetary gambling task and mixed lottery task twice, with simultaneous recording of behavioral and electroencephalography data. Regarding risk behavior, we observed...
- "Binge eating disorder is the slum of eating disorders": a qualitative study of Norwegian women with binge eating disorder in the encounter with the healthcare systemby Julie Riise on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that shame related to binge eating and body image is pervasive in participants, exacerbated by a healthcare system that often prioritizes weight and lifestyle. Such shame can block treatment access and prolong the disorder. We argue for a paradigm shift in clinical practice towards patient-centered care that prioritizes empathy and holistic support over weight-focused models. Group therapy can be beneficial in reducing shame, if the group composition is...
- Consensus-Based Recommendations for Yoga as Adjunct Therapy in Eating Disorder Treatment: A Delphi Studyby Eleanor Trethewey on 20 Marzo 2025
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop consensus-based statements, combining the expertise of eating disorder (ED) clinicians and yoga instructors, on key considerations for applying yoga for individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.
- Advancing the Science of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Six Key Questionsby P Evelyna Kambanis on 20 Marzo 2025
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has rapidly emerged as a substantial focus of research and clinical attention since its introduction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5). This special issue brings together over 30 articles that answer six of the field's most compelling current research questions about ARFID. Specifically, key contributions explore: (1) whether the diagnostic criteria for ARFID should be revised; (2) how well our...
- Exploring Biases of Large Language Models in the Field of Mental Health: Comparative Questionnaire Study of the Effect of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Case Vignettesby Rebekka Schnepper on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: LLM-generated mental HRQoL estimates for AN and BN case vignettes may be biased by gender, with male cases scoring lower despite no real-world evidence supporting this pattern. This highlights the risk of bias in generative artificial intelligence in the field of mental health. Understanding and mitigating biases related to gender and other factors, such as ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are crucial for responsible use in diagnostics and treatment recommendations.
- Mental health after bariatric surgeryby Emma Veillon on 20 Marzo 2025
Bariatric surgery is recognized as the most effective method for patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) or complicated obesity (BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m² with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes for at least one year). This article aims to examine the evolution of mental health after the procedure. Anxiety-depressive disorders and binge eating usually decrease within two years post-surgery. However, studies show an increased risk of alcohol or substance use disorders after surgery....
- Modifiable unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in subclinical manifestations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: what are the first empirical results and putative clinical implications?by Kristin Annawald on 20 Marzo 2025
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, and a full syndrome diagnosis requires a combination of persistent symptoms. In a multicentre cross-sectional study from Italy using a non-clinical sample from a secondary school comprising 440 adolescents, published in this issue of BJPsych Open, Gostoli et al examined whether unhealthy lifestyle habits are linked to both clinical manifestation of ADHD and subclinical symptomatology. In...
- Osteochondrosis in the feline stifle: a case series and literature reviewby Sorrel J Langley-Hobbs on 20 Marzo 2025
Case series summaryInformation is presented on six new cats with stifle osteochondrosis (OC). In the veterinary literature, there are only four single case reports on cats with this condition. Combining the six new cases with the four previously published cases, we have summarised the current knowledge on stifle OC in the cat. Overall, among the 10 cats, the condition was bilateral in three cats and unilateral in seven. The mean age at presentation was 10.5 months (median 7). Seven cats were...
- Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder leads to symptom changes of comorbid irritable bowel syndromeby Mohamed A Abdelnaim on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: In this study, we found alleviation of IBS symptoms after DBS of the BNST, along with improvement in OCD symptoms. Future research using larger sample sizes should address whether the reductions are tied to the improvement of OCD symptoms or if DBS exerts positive effects on IBS independently of OCD symptoms.
- Neurobiological differences in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: A study of the glutamatergic system based on functional magnetic resonance spectroscopyby Yuqing Xiao on 19 Marzo 2025
In this study, the combination of functional state magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) and cognitive tasks was used to conduct subgroup analyses on early-onset OCD (EO) and non-early-onset OCD (non-EO) and explore differences in the glutamatergic system and cognitive function among OCD subtypes. A total of 70 OCD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical evaluation and were subsequently divided into the EO or non-EO groups. Next, both resting and functional state MRS data were...
- Obsessional thinking and autistic traits are each uniquely associated with greater traits of gender dysphoria in clinical and nonclinical adult samplesby Karl Mears on 18 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: The results show both obsessional thoughts and autistic traits are uniquely associated with GD, and that autistic people experience greater traits of GD than other clinical groups.
- Clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: Clinical and cognitive determinants of dysfunctional checkingby Marjan Biria on 18 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This study is the first to compare the distinct cognitive and clinical profiles of SCZ-OCS, SCZ-only, and OCD, with a focus on checking behavior, a major symptom in clozapine-treated patients. We introduced a novel and sensitive measure for checking, which showed dysfunctional checking only in SCZ-OCS patients treated with clozapine. These findings indicate that a subset of patients with schizophrenia with more severe positive symptoms and cognitive deficits are especially...
- Past and Present Role of Neurosurgical Interventions in the Management of Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review on the Evolution of Psychosurgeryby Naveen Arunachalam Sakthiyendran on 18 Marzo 2025
Despite advancements in psychiatric treatments, many patients with treatment-resistant disorders are turning to neurosurgical interventions. These include neuromodulation-based surgeries such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ablative surgeries such as cingulotomy, offering relief for severe conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and substance use disorder. While "psychosurgery" has sparked debate due...
- The relationship between hair cortisol and trauma sequelae in motor vehicle crash survivors: the role of childhood trauma experiencesby Ileana Schmalbach on 20 Marzo 2025
Previous research highlights inconsistent associations between premorbid hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, often neglecting the critical role of childhood trauma (CT) in civilian populations. To address this gap, our study investigates the predictive value of HCC for PTSD symptoms following a motor vehicle crash (MVC), extending our prior findings by assessing CT as a moderator within a sample that includes participants with and without CT. We...
- Corticosteroid-regulated gene transcription in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: Insights into the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated responseby Justina F Lugenbühl on 20 Marzo 2025
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are debilitating stress-related psychiatric disorders that can develop following exposure to traumatic events or chronic stress in some individuals. The neurobiological processes leading to disease remain largely unknown. Among others, these disorders are characterized by a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). This...
- Acceptance and commitment therapy for enhancing mental health in military personnel: A comprehensive review and meta-analysisby Jun-Qiao Wang on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This study underscores the potential of ACT as an effective intervention for improving the mental health of military personnel. Future research should focus on large-scale, multi-center RCTs to further validate these findings, particularly within diverse military populations.
- Moral trauma, moral distress, moral injury, and moral injury disorder: definitions and assessmentsby Tyler J VanderWeele on 20 Marzo 2025
We propose new definitions for moral injury and moral distress, encompassing many prior definitions, but broadening moral injury to more general classes of victims, in addition to perpetrators and witnesses, and broadening moral distress to include settings not involving institutional constraints. We relate these notions of moral distress and moral injury to each other, and locate them on a "moral trauma spectrum" that includes considerations of both persistence and severity. Instances in which...
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of Prolonged Exposure Therapy With and Without Topiramate for Comorbid PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorderby Sonya B Norman on 19 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: PE+topiramate was associated with a greater reduction in PTSD symptoms than PE+placebo during active treatment. The addition of topiramate led to more rapid and pronounced PTSD symptom reduction, which may be of benefit to patients. Because effects of topiramate were not maintained at longer-term follow-up, extending time on topiramate or additional strategies to prolong such effects may be useful. Topiramate did not show added benefit to PE for percent heavy drinking days or...
- PTSD screening using a ten-item checklist of psychological symptoms: a large-scale military veteran sample and a civilian comparison groupby Gerry Larsson on 19 Marzo 2025
PURPOSE: The aim was to explore if self-rated psychological symptoms in military veterans covary strong enough with established PTSD scales to make a symptom checklist a useful screening tool.
- Disruptive compensatory mechanisms in fibromyalgia syndrome and their association with pharmacological agentsby Fernanda M Q Silva on 5 Ottobre 2024
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disorder characterized commonly by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue, predominantly affecting women, with its complexity often leading to underdiagnosis and complicating treatment effectiveness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) metrics are potential markers to optimize FMS treatments; however, evidence is limited. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between cortical excitability and inhibition, assessed through TMS markers, and...
- The Impact of Obesity as a Peripheral Disruptor of Brain Inhibitory Mechanisms in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Studyby Walter Fabris-Moraes on 13 Luglio 2024
Background/Objective: Obesity, characterized by chronic inflammation, may serve as a surrogate marker for more dysfunctional peripheral inflammation, potentially exacerbating FM symptomatology. Given this premise, this study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity as an effect modifier on neural and clinical variables, specifically those indexing pain-compensatory mechanisms in FM symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 participants who underwent a standardized TMS...
- No add-on therapeutic benefit of at-home anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex to mindfulness meditation in patients with fibromyalgiaby Perianen Ramasawmy on 20 Giugno 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate no synergistic or add-on efffect of anodal tDCS of the left M1 compared to the proper effect of MM in patients with fibromyalgia.
- Exercise effects on cortical excitability in pain populations: A systematic review and meta-analysisby Danielle Carolina Pimenta on 11 Giugno 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that exercise interventions positively affect pain relief by modifying corticospinal excitability, but their effects on ICI/ICF are still unclear. While the results are inconclusive, they provide a basis for further exploration in this area of research; future studies should focus on establishing standardized TMS measurements and exercise protocols to ensure consistent and reliable findings. A large-scale RCT that examines various exercise interventions and...
- Effect of neuronavigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on pain, cognition and cortical excitability in fibromyalgia syndromeby Vikas Kumar Tiwari on 25 Gennaio 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention is effective in managing pain alongside cognition and sleep disturbances in patients of fibromyalgia. It may prove to be an important tool in relieving fibromyalgia-associated morbidity.
- TMS in combination with a pain directed intervention for the treatment of fibromyalgia - A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trialby Einat Tilbor on 27 Dicembre 2023
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a course of dTMS combined with a pain-directed psychotherapeutic intervention can alleviate pain symptoms in FMS patients. Beyond clinical possibilities, future studies are needed to substantiate the innovative hypothesis that it is not dTMS alone, but rather dTMS-induced plasticity of pain-related networks, that enables the efficacy of pain-directed psychotherapeutic interventions.
- A bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation and Alzheimer's diseaseby Dingwen Xu on 14 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: Our article employs bibliometric methods to unveil trends in research related to AD and TMS, including collaborations among countries, regions, and authors, as well as key research hotspots. We provide objective data that serves as a reference for scientific research and clinical work concerning AD and TMS.
- Does Obstructive sleep apnea mediate the risk of cognitive impairment by expanding the perivascular space?by Shuan Ke on 14 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: We identified significant relations among OSA, EPVS, and CI. The AHI is a potential marker for estimating cognitive function in patients with EPVS.
- Identifying Critical Nodes in the Cognitive Decline Process through EEG Network Community Detection Based on Autoencoderby Jingnan Sun on 3 Marzo 2025
Cognitive impairment is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognitive functions. In recent years, the application of non-pharmacological interventions such as physical stimuli has garnered attention due to their convenience and efficacy. However, the selection of stimulation targets significantly impacts the therapeutic outcomes, and there is yet to be a mature method for specific target selection. This study considers the neural network alterations during the progression...
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cortical excitability and therapeutic efficacyby Yu Han on 28 Febbraio 2025
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of TMS as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in ADHD. Reduced SICI appears to be a key neurophysiological marker of ADHD, reflecting cortical GABAergic dysfunction. Additionally, rTMS shows promise in alleviating ADHD symptoms, though further studies are needed to confirm long-term therapeutic benefits and optimize stimulation protocols.
- A cognitive neural circuit biotype of depression showing functional and behavioral improvement after transcranial magnetic stimulation in the B-SMART-fMRI trialby Leonardo Tozzi on 6 Febbraio 2025
We previously identified a cognitive biotype of depression characterized by treatment resistance, impaired cognitive control behavioral performance and dysfunction in the cognitive control circuit, comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the left dLPFC is a promising option for individuals whose depression does not respond to pharmacotherapy. Here, 43 veterans with...
- Adaptive spatiotemporal encoding network for cognitive assessment using resting state EEGby Jingnan Sun on 23 Dicembre 2024
Cognitive impairment, marked by neurodegenerative damage, leads to diminished cognitive function decline. Accurate cognitive assessment is crucial for early detection and progress evaluation, yet current methods in clinical practice lack objectivity, precision, and convenience. This study included 743 participants, including healthy individuals, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia patients, with collected resting-state EEG data and cognitive scale scores. An adaptive spatiotemporal...
- Daytime sleepiness and health-related quality of life in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngiomaby Laura Verena Mann-Markutzyk on 20 Marzo 2025
Overall survival rates after craniopharyngioma (CP) are high (92%), but frequently quality of life (QoL) is impaired in patients with CP involving hypothalamic structures. Tumour- and/or treatment-related hypothalamic lesions may result in disturbances of circadian rhythms including increased daytime sleepiness. We investigated the relationship between health-related QoL and daytime sleepiness in patients with childhood-onset CP. After a median follow-up of 10 years (range: 1-39), 119 CP...
- Sleep deprivation impairs neurovascular coupling and cerebral vasomotor reactivityby Krisztina Szonja Rab-Bábel on 20 Marzo 2025
Sleep deficiency increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on cerebral blood flow have been poorly studied. We examined the effect of 24-h of SD on the resting posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocities (FV), the visually evoked FV response in the PCA (neurovascular coupling), and the hypercapnia-induced FV response in the MCA (cerebral vasoreactivity). Visual evoked potential (VEP) and transcranial...
- Abnormalities in brain complexity in children with autism spectrum disorder: a sleeping state functional MRI studyby Shishun Fu on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This sleeping-state fMRI study provide evidence that ASD children exhibited aberrant brain complexity in compare with the TD children. The complexity of the autistic brain is composed of aberrant randomness in brain activity and anomalous information transmission between brain regions. We believe that brain complexity in ASD is a highly valuable area of research. Differences in the entropy of local brain regions, as well as in the transfer entropy between brain regions, may be...
- Performance of wearable finger ring trackers for diagnostic sleep measurement in the clinical contextby Sebastian Herberger on 20 Marzo 2025
Ring-trackers are a growing consumer wearable category that provide a number of sleep metrics, yet their measurement accuracy remains poorly understood. Previous validation studies have mainly focused on healthy individuals, while a significant part of the potential present and future value lies in applications on non-healthy subjects. To enable applications in research and medical applications, rigorous evaluation of performance in clinical settings against the gold-standard polysomnography is...
- Experiences of insomnia among older people living in nursing homes A qualitative studyby Eva Hjort Telhede on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical role of sleep in maintaining energy, coping with daily life, and ensuring overall well-being for older people in nursing homes.
- Exploring Features of the Physical Environment as Contributors to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration and Efficiency among Older Adultsby Dayna A Johnson on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Features of the physical environment partially contributed to racial disparities in sleep duration and is a likely target for intervention.
- First case of topiramate-induced acute bilateral transient myopia in Saudi Arabia: case report and literature reviewby Rawan Albalawi on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: This case and the existing literature emphasize the significance of educating patients and the necessity for immediate discontinuation of the drug when ocular symptoms happen. This case also outlines the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the adverse effects linked to neurological medications such as topiramate. We present an additional case that illustrates the ophthalmic complications associated with topiramate.
- Trends in migraine and tension-type headaches in South Asia: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (1990-2021)by Prakasini Satapathy on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: The rising burden of headache disorders in South Asia highlights the need for region-specific strategies targeting high-burden subtypes, countries, and vulnerable populations to mitigate their disabling impacts.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in trigeminal ganglion contribute to nociceptive behavior in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine mouse modelby Xin-Ying Guan on 20 Marzo 2025
Migraine is a chronic episodic neurological disorder. However, its diagnosis and management remain unclear. The pathogenesis of migraine is intricately linked to the dysfunction of mitochondria, and aberrant trigeminal neuronal activity. Here, we established a murine migraine model via intraperitoneal administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) to examine alterations in mitochondria-associated proteins and calcium signaling patterns within trigeminal neurons, while also investigating the underlying...
- Enlargement of Shoulder Muscles in an Older Manby Mohammad Alhomoud on 20 Marzo 2025
No abstract
- CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR SPECIFIC PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) (EPTINEZUMAB, FREMANEZUMAB, AND GALCANEZUMAB) OR THE CGRP RECEPTOR (ERENUMAB)by Davor Jančuljak on 19 Marzo 2025
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine, acting on CGRP receptors in the trigeminovascular system, causing neurogenic inflammation and vasodilation, and promoting nociception. Four specific monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP are available for prevention of episodic and chronic migraine in adults with at least four migraine days per month. The aim of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of monoclonal...
- The cortical spreading depression/migraine aura hypothesis - Finally some definitive evidenceby Andrew C Charles on 19 Marzo 2025
No abstract
- "Binge eating disorder is the slum of eating disorders": a qualitative study of Norwegian women with binge eating disorder in the encounter with the healthcare systemby Julie Riise on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that shame related to binge eating and body image is pervasive in participants, exacerbated by a healthcare system that often prioritizes weight and lifestyle. Such shame can block treatment access and prolong the disorder. We argue for a paradigm shift in clinical practice towards patient-centered care that prioritizes empathy and holistic support over weight-focused models. Group therapy can be beneficial in reducing shame, if the group composition is...
- Consensus-Based Recommendations for Yoga as Adjunct Therapy in Eating Disorder Treatment: A Delphi Studyby Eleanor Trethewey on 20 Marzo 2025
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop consensus-based statements, combining the expertise of eating disorder (ED) clinicians and yoga instructors, on key considerations for applying yoga for individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.
- Advancing the Science of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Six Key Questionsby P Evelyna Kambanis on 20 Marzo 2025
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has rapidly emerged as a substantial focus of research and clinical attention since its introduction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5). This special issue brings together over 30 articles that answer six of the field's most compelling current research questions about ARFID. Specifically, key contributions explore: (1) whether the diagnostic criteria for ARFID should be revised; (2) how well our...
- Exploring Biases of Large Language Models in the Field of Mental Health: Comparative Questionnaire Study of the Effect of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Case Vignettesby Rebekka Schnepper on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: LLM-generated mental HRQoL estimates for AN and BN case vignettes may be biased by gender, with male cases scoring lower despite no real-world evidence supporting this pattern. This highlights the risk of bias in generative artificial intelligence in the field of mental health. Understanding and mitigating biases related to gender and other factors, such as ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are crucial for responsible use in diagnostics and treatment recommendations.
- Mental health after bariatric surgeryby Emma Veillon on 20 Marzo 2025
Bariatric surgery is recognized as the most effective method for patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) or complicated obesity (BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m² with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes for at least one year). This article aims to examine the evolution of mental health after the procedure. Anxiety-depressive disorders and binge eating usually decrease within two years post-surgery. However, studies show an increased risk of alcohol or substance use disorders after surgery....
- Modifiable unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in subclinical manifestations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: what are the first empirical results and putative clinical implications?by Kristin Annawald on 20 Marzo 2025
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, and a full syndrome diagnosis requires a combination of persistent symptoms. In a multicentre cross-sectional study from Italy using a non-clinical sample from a secondary school comprising 440 adolescents, published in this issue of BJPsych Open, Gostoli et al examined whether unhealthy lifestyle habits are linked to both clinical manifestation of ADHD and subclinical symptomatology. In...
- School-age child neurodevelopment following antenatal Zika virus exposureby Sarah B Mulkey on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: ZIKV-exposed children have lower cognitive performance compared to controls. Early childhood experiences can affect pediatric outcomes research.
- HDAC11 displays neuropathological alterations and offers as a novel drug target for Alzheimer's diseaseby Ping Bai on 20 Marzo 2025
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation, leading to cognitive decline. Targeting histone deacetylase-11 (HDAC11) offers a novel therapeutic strategy due to its role in immune regulation.
- Barriers to participating in an online family- and group-based prevention programme for parents with depression: an online surveyby Angela Joder on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: The main barriers to participation in prevention related to individual characteristics/ emotional experiences rather than structural issues. Addressing these barriers in the advertisement of future programmes could improve uptake.
- Attention to cancer-related physical and mental fatigue: Breaking the vicious cycleby Yan Zeng on 20 Marzo 2025
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) presents as a complex interplay between physical and mental fatigue, with mindfulness interventions offering a promising approach to alleviate both. These techniques, including mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy, are designed to break the cycle of CRF by addressing its psychological and emotional aspects. This editorial integrates the latest research published by Liu et al,...
- Review: Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Childhood Irritability and Aggressive Behaviorby Carla B Kalvin on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: Parent- and child-focused psychosocial interventions such as parent management training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination can be helpful for the reduction of irritability and aggression. Well-powered randomized controlled trials with outcome measures that reflect current conceptualization of maladaptive aggression and irritability are needed to extend this evidence base to older adolescents and to examine the role of co-occurring psychopathology in treatment...
- Effects of family cognitive therapy on aggressive behavior, family functioning, and marital quality in patients with major depressionby Yi-Bing Wang on 20 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: The combination of FCT with sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves family dynamics in patients with MDD.
- A naturalistic analysis of rTMS treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder in West Australian youthby Aleksandra Miljevic on 19 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this naturalistic report suggest that an acute course of rTMS is safe and effective - resulting in similar response rates in adolescent and youth patients as reported in adults. Future large-scale, randomized, and sham-controlled trials are needed to consolidate and add to these findings.
- Past and Present Role of Neurosurgical Interventions in the Management of Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review on the Evolution of Psychosurgeryby Naveen Arunachalam Sakthiyendran on 18 Marzo 2025
Despite advancements in psychiatric treatments, many patients with treatment-resistant disorders are turning to neurosurgical interventions. These include neuromodulation-based surgeries such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ablative surgeries such as cingulotomy, offering relief for severe conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and substance use disorder. While "psychosurgery" has sparked debate due...
- Transforming mental health care in the Arab World: A scoping review of Arab TMS studies for psychiatric disordersby Mohammed Qutishat on 16 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the need for further research, training for healthcare providers, and public awareness campaigns to promote TMS, ultimately contributing to a healthier societal perspective on mental well-being.
- Efficacy and safety of accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysisby Jithin Thekkelkuthiyathottil Joseph on 13 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: Accelerated TMS offers promising, faster treatment for OCD and significantly reduces depressive symptoms, though it has no effect on anxiety. Further studies should explore optimal protocols and long-term effects.
- The role of individual differences and attitude in willingness to participate in TMS studiesby C Lolansen on 10 Marzo 2025
Finding neurophysiological research participants can be challenging, especially when the technology used in the research study is less known, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Despite this well-known phenomenon, there is limited literature investigating the factors involved in willingness to participate and perceived barriers from the potential participants' perspective. This paper explored the relationship between individual differences, attitudes toward TMS, and willingness to...
- 20 Hz temporal interference stimulation can more effectively enhance motor evoked potentials in the primary motor cortexby Yajie Wang on 6 Marzo 2025
CONCLUSION: 20 Hz TI stimulation increased the cortical excitability of the ipsilateral M1, highlighting that frequency is an important factor in the modulatory effect of TI.
