AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:

  • Preparing to act follows Bayesian inference rules
    by Luca Tarasi on 13 Giugno 2025

    Bayesian brain theories suggest that the human brain sets up predictive models to anticipate sensory evidence. Here, we propose that these models inform the entire functional hierarchy, scaling all the way down to the motor system. To test this hypothesis, 62 participants completed a probabilistic discrimination task while receiving bilateral single-pulse transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS) over the two M1s. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded to assess motor excitability for...

  • Closing the diagnostic gap: A narrative review of recent advances in functional MRI diagnostics in spinal cord injury
    by Christian J Entenmann on 11 Giugno 2025

    INTRODUCTION: Conventional MRI (T1 and T2-weighted sequences) is the standard for diagnosing spinal cord injuries but often lacks specificity, showing limited correlation with microstructural changes and function. This creates a diagnostic gap, especially in patients with mild or ambiguous symptoms, delaying early intervention.

  • Motor sequence learning elicits mu peak-specific corticospinal plasticity
    by Tharan Suresh on 11 Giugno 2025

    Motor cortical (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions increase corticospinal output and improve motor learning when delivered during sensorimotor mu rhythm trough but not peak phases, suggesting that the mechanisms supporting motor learning may be most active during mu trough phases. Based on these findings, we predicted that motor sequence learning-related corticospinal plasticity would be most evident when measured during mu trough phases. Healthy adults were assigned to...

  • The effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive impairment in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    by Xin Xia on 10 Giugno 2025

    BACKGROUND: Cognition is commonly compromised in depression, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been well-established in the treatment of depression, but its efficacy for treating cognitive deficit has not been fully elucidated. Based on the available evidence on NIBS, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the efficacy of NIBS in improving cognitive deficits in depressed patients.

  • Conducting interslice stimulation for concurrent TMS-fMRI
    by J B Jackson on 8 Giugno 2025

    CONCLUSION: A stimulation frequency faster than 10Hz would require a shorter gap or shorter slice acquisition times. Further, stimulator intensity, slice orientation, and the number of TMS pulses affected data quality and are important considerations for researchers when setting up their own protocol.

  • Network-based Near-Scalp Personalized Brain Stimulation Targets
    by Ru Kong on 6 Giugno 2025

    CONCLUSION: The tree-based MS-HBM algorithm provides a robust, generalizable framework to estimate near-scalp personalized targets across different populations.

  • When Standard Is Not Enough: A Narrative Review of Supratherapeutic SSRI Doses in Resistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
    by Giacomo Gualtieri on 13 Giugno 2025

    Background/Objectives: OCD is a chronic psychiatric disorder, often requiring long-term pharmacological treatment. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line agents, 40 to 60% of patients show only partial or no response when treated at standard dosages. In such cases, supratherapeutic doses of SSRIs have been proposed as an alternative strategy. However, the evidence supporting this approach remains limited and fragmented. This review aims to evaluate the...

  • Atopic Dermatitis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review
    by Sheila Sharifi on 12 Giugno 2025

    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prominent inflammatory skin disorder that significantly affects daily functioning and mental health in patients. Among its psychological repercussions, besides anxiety and depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has emerged with multiple studies indicating an increased risk of OCD in AD patients. This systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate the current literature on the association between AD and OCD, with particular attention to mechanisms linking...

  • Can the gut-brain axis provide insight into psilocybin's therapeutic value in reducing stress?
    by Alanna Kit on 11 Giugno 2025

    There is growing interest in exploring the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of psilocybin on stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), addiction, and disordered eating. Despite promising progressions in preclinical and clinical research, the neurobiological and physiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of psilocybin remain complex,...

  • Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Neurosurgery for Treatment-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Health Technology Assessment
    by Ontario Health (Quality) on 11 Giugno 2025

    CONCLUSIONS: MRgFUS neurosurgery may be an effective and generally safe treatment option for severe, treatment-refractory OCD, but the evidence is very uncertain. The cost-effectiveness of MRgFUS neurosurgery could not be determined given the lack of comparative clinical evidence. Publicly funding MRgFUS neurosurgery for people with treatment-refractory OCD in Ontario would result in an additional cost of $1.9 million over 5 years. Patients and care partners emphasized the negative impact of OCD...

  • Osteochondritis dissecans in children: location-dependent differences : (Part I: knee)
    by Jie C Nguyen on 11 Giugno 2025

    The classic terminology "osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)" describes a pathologic alteration, centered at the osteochondral junction, involving the subchondral bone and/or its cartilaginous precursor, with risk for lesion instability and disruption of the overlying articular cartilage. Among children and young adults, these sites of osteochondrosis can be a cause of chronic joint pain and are most often found within the knee, the ankle, and the elbow joints. No consensus exists on the precise...

  • Shadows in the Air: Mental health vulnerabilities under PM10 and PM2.5, before and after COVID-19
    by Jae Il Cho on 10 Giugno 2025

    Air pollution is an increasing public health concern, with evidence indicating that poor air quality adversely affects health through various pathways. However, its impact on mental health remains underexplored despite indications of pollutant-induced distress. This study examines the causal relationship between air pollution and mental health disorders-such as depression, sleep disorders, ADHD, and OCD-in South Korea. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the simultaneous occurrence...