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- Cortical paired associative stimulation shows impaired plasticity of inhibition networks as a function of chronic alcohol useby Samantha N Sallie on 15 Settembre 2023
CONCLUSION: In line with previous findings, cPAS improved response inhibition in healthy adults by strengthening the fronto-striatal network through putative long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified a possible marker of impaired cortical excitability, and, thus, diminished capacity for cPAS-induced neuroplasticity in AUD with direct implications to a disorder-relevant cognitive process.
- Astrocyte Responses Influence Local Effects of Whole-Brain Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Ratsby Giuseppina Natale on 13 Settembre 2023
CONCLUSION: These data uncover an unknown iTBS effect on astrocytes, advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in TMS-mediated functional recovery. Data on numerical dosimetry, obtained with a degree of anatomical details never before considered and validated by the biological findings, provide a framework to predict the electric-field induced in different specific brain areas and associate it with functional and molecular changes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders...
- TMS over the pre-SMA enhances semantic cognition via remote network effects on task-based activity and connectivityby Sandra Martin on 13 Settembre 2023
CONCLUSIONS: iTBS modulates networks in a task-dependent manner and generates effects at regions remote to the stimulation site. These neural changes are linked to more efficient semantic processing, which underlines the general potential of network stimulation approaches in cognitive aging.
- Abnormal individualized peak functional connectivity toward potential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of autism spectrum disorderby Jing Jin on 11 Settembre 2023
Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD. We included 266 male ASDs and 297...
- Adaptive short-term plasticity in the typical reading networkby S Turker on 11 Settembre 2023
The left temporo-parietal cortex (TPC) is crucial for phonological decoding, i.e., for learning and retaining sound-letter mappings, and appears hypoactive in dyslexia. Here, we tested the causal contribution of this area for reading in typical readers with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and explored the reading network's response with fMRI. By investigating the underlying neural correlates of stimulation-induced modulations of the reading network, we can help improve targeted...
- Links between Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology with Turning Performance in People with Multiple Sclerosisby Clayton W Swanson on 9 Settembre 2023
Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by decreased mobility and various adaptations affecting neural structure and function. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to understand how motor cortex thickness and corticospinal excitation and inhibition contribute to turning performance in healthy controls and people with multiple sclerosis. In total, 49 participants (23 controls, 26 multiple sclerosis) were included in the final analysis of this study. All participants were instructed to complete a...
- Repetitive paired-pulse TMS increases motor cortex excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adultsby Brodie J Hand on 9 Settembre 2023
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1) recruits indirect (I) waves that can be modulated by repetitive paired-pulse TMS (rppTMS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rppTMS on M1 excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults. A total of 37 healthy adults (22 young, 18-32 yr; 15 older, 60-79 yr) participated in a study that involved rppTMS at early (1.4 ms) and late (4.5 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISIs), followed by...
- Emotion regulation of social pain: double dissociation of lateral prefrontal cortices supporting reappraisal and distractionby Licheng Mo on 7 Settembre 2023
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are both crucial regions involved in voluntary emotion regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the two regions show functional specificity for reappraisal and distraction. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore, in a real social interactive scenario, whether different lateral prefrontal regions play relatively specific roles in downregulating social pain via reappraisal...
- Early top-down control of internal selection induced by retrospective cues in visual working memory: advantage of peripheral over central cuesby Sizhu Han on 6 Settembre 2023
Attention can be deployed among external sensory stimuli or internal working memory (WM) representations, and recent primate studies have revealed that these external and internal selections share a common neural basis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, it remains to be elucidated how PFC implements these selections, especially in humans. The present study aimed to further investigate whether PFC responded differentially to the peripheral and central retrospective cues (retro-cues) that...
- Prior elicitation for Gaussian spatial process: An application to TMS brain mappingby Osafu Augustine Egbon on 4 Settembre 2023
The power and commensurate prior distributions are informative prior distributions that incorporate historical data as prior knowledge in Bayesian analysis to improve inference about a phenomenon under study. Although these distributions have been developed for analyzing non-spatial data, little or no attention has been given to spatial geostatistical data. In this study, we extend these informative prior distributions to a Gaussian spatial process, which enables the elicitation of prior...
- Identifiability Analysis and Noninvasive Online Estimation of the First-Order Neural Activation Dynamics in the Brain With Closed-Loop Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationby Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Alavi on 1 Settembre 2023
CONCLUSIONS: SPE of the activation dynamics requires acquiring at least two IO curves with different pulse widths, which needs a controllable TMS (cTMS) device with adjustable pulse duration.
- Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans when choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS studyby Marco Tagliaferri on 1 Settembre 2023
Predictive and reactive behaviors represent two mutually exclusive strategies in a sensorimotor task. Predictive behavior consists in internally estimating timing and features of a target stimulus and relies on a cortical medial frontal system (superior frontal gyrus - SFG). Reactive behavior consists in waiting for actual perception of the target stimulus and relies on the lateral frontal cortex (inferior frontal gyrus - IFG). We investigated whether SFG-IFG connections by the frontal aslant...
- Contemporary Approaches Toward Neuromodulation of Fear Extinction and Its Underlying Neural Circuitsby Claudia R Becker on 1 Settembre 2023
Neuroscience and neuroimaging research have now identified brain nodes that are involved in the acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear and its extinction. These brain regions include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), amygdala, insular cortex, and hippocampus. Psychiatric neuroimaging research shows that functional dysregulation of these brain regions might contribute to the etiology and symptomatology of various...
- The Cerebellum and the Motor Cortex: Multiple Networks Controlling Multiple Aspects of Behaviorby Danny Adrian Spampinato on 31 Agosto 2023
The cerebellum and its thalamic projections to the primary motor cortex (M1) are well known to play an essential role in executing daily actions. Anatomic investigations in animals and postmortem humans have established the reciprocal connections between these regions; however, how these pathways can shape cortical activity in behavioral contexts and help promote recovery in neuropathological conditions remains not well understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive description...
- Probing the inhibitory motor circuits in adductor laryngeal dystonia during a dystonia-unrelated taskby Yi-Ling Kuo on 31 Agosto 2023
CONCLUSIONS: In unaffected musculature activation, there is dispersed BOLD activation that is correlated with intracortical inhibition suggesting a possible compensatory strategy in the non-dystonic muscles.