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- Clinical Manifestationsby Bo Song on 3 Gennaio 2025
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that 5Hz rTMS stimulation can significantly improve subjects' neurophysiological changes and working memory performance, showing a certain frequency-dependent effect. These findings contribute to providing scientific evidence for the application of cerebellar TMS in memory improvement and offer valuable references for future related research.
- Clinical Manifestationsby Matthew A Slayton on 3 Gennaio 2025
CONCLUSION: Increasing the representation of abstract knowledge is a potential underlying mechanisms by which neuromodulation boosts episodic memory in MCI, which may lead to reliable clinical applications of noninvasive brain stimulation in AD.
- Real-Time Tractography-Assisted Neuronavigation for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationby Dogu Baran Aydogan on 31 Dicembre 2024
State-of-the-art navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) systems can display the TMS coil position relative to the structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the subject's brain and calculate the induced electric field. However, the local effect of TMS propagates via the white-matter network to different areas of the brain, and currently there is no commercial or research neuronavigation system that can highlight in real time the brain's structural connections during TMS. This lack...
- Spinally targeted paired associated stimulation with high-frequency peripheral component induces spinal level plasticity in healthy subjectsby Anna Nätkynmäki on 28 Dicembre 2024
A novel variant of paired-associative stimulation (PAS) consisting of high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and high-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) above the motor cortex, called high-PAS, can lead to improved motor function in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. In PAS, the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the PNS and TMS pulses plays a significant role in the location of the intended effect of the induced plastic changes. While conventional PAS...
- Personalized whole-brain activity patterns predict human corticospinal tract activation in real-timeby Uttara U Khatri on 24 Dicembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Our results show for the first time that personalized whole-brain EEG activity patterns predict CST activation in real-time in healthy humans. These findings represent a pivotal step towards using personalized brain state-dependent TMS interventions to promote poststroke CST function.
- Open label pilot of personalized, neuroimaging-guided theta burst stimulation in early-stage Alzheimer's diseaseby Bhavani Kashyap on 24 Dicembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Accelerated iTBS protocol was well-tolerated and personalized target-based treatment is feasible in early-stage AD. Further sham-controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine if this is an effective adjunctive treatment in early-stage AD.
- Gut-brain axis and neuroplasticity in health and disease: a systematic reviewby Alberto Di Napoli on 24 Dicembre 2024
The gut microbiota emerged as a potential modulator of brain connectivity in health and disease. This systematic review details current evidence on the gut-brain axis and its influence on brain connectivity. The initial set of studies included 532 papers, updated to January 2024. Studies were selected based on employed techniques. We excluded reviews, studies without connectivity focus, studies on non-human subjects. Forty-nine papers were selected. Employed techniques in healthy subjects...
- Adaptive spatiotemporal encoding network for cognitive assessment using resting state EEGby Jingnan Sun on 23 Dicembre 2024
Cognitive impairment, marked by neurodegenerative damage, leads to diminished cognitive function decline. Accurate cognitive assessment is crucial for early detection and progress evaluation, yet current methods in clinical practice lack objectivity, precision, and convenience. This study included 743 participants, including healthy individuals, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia patients, with collected resting-state EEG data and cognitive scale scores. An adaptive spatiotemporal...
- Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex does not directly affect muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humansby Brendan McCarthy on 22 Dicembre 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied both in research settings and clinically, notably in treating depression through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We have recently shown that transcranial alternating current stimulation of the dlPFC partially entrains muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the stimulus. We, therefore, aimed to further explore the sympathetic properties of the dlPFC, hypothesizing that single-pulse TMS could generate de novo MSNA bursts....
- The NExT trial: Protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing transcranial magnetic stimulation to augment exposure therapy for youth with OCDby Christine Conelea on 19 Dicembre 2024
BACKGROUND: Exposure with Response Prevention (ERP) is a first-line treatment for OCD, but even when combined with first-line medications it is insufficiently effective for approximately half of patients. Compulsivity in OCD is thought to arise from an imbalance of two distinct neural circuits associated with specific subregions of striatum. Targeted modulation of these circuits via key cortical nodes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC] or presupplementary motor area [pSMA]) has the...
- Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on daily function and quality of life in markedly treatment-resistant major depression: Findings from a one-year, randomized, sham-controlled trialby A John Rush on 19 Dicembre 2024
CONCLUSION: Active VNS was superior to sham VNS in improving QoL and psychosocial function in patients with TRD. VNS has a broader therapeutic impact than symptom improvement alone in patients with marked psychosocial impairment.
- The efficacy and safety of dual-target rTMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cerebellum in the treatment of negative symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia: Protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled studyby Junjie Wang on 17 Dicembre 2024
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) - cerebellum circuit has been implicated in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Both areas are considered separate targets for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment, showing potential for improving negative symptoms. However, there is still a lack of research that targets both DLPFC and cerebellum simultaneously. In this study, we will explore the efficacy and safety of...
- Neuroimaging findings of adolescent depression: A review by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) frameworkby Harim Jeong on 17 Dicembre 2024
This review examines neuroimaging studies on adolescent depression (AD) within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, focusing on fMRI, DTI, and EEG findings. The research highlights disrupted connectivity in several neural networks-such as the affective, reward processing, cognitive control, and default mode networks-that underpin emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in AD. Notably, hypoconnectivity in the affective and cognitive control networks correlates with deficits in emotional...
- Right middle occipital gyrus is associated with egocentric spatial orientation during body tilt: Evidence from a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studyby Keisuke Tani on 16 Dicembre 2024
Accurate perception of the orientation of external objects relative to the body, known as egocentric spatial orientation, is fundamental to performing action. Previously, we found via behavioural and magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry studies that egocentric spatial orientation is strongly distorted when the whole body is tilted with respect to gravity, and that the magnitude of this perceptual distortion is correlated with the grey matter volume of the right middle occipital...
- Supercapacitor-based pulse generator with waveform adjustment capability for small animal transcranial magnetic stimulationby Soniya Raju on 16 Dicembre 2024
In transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), pulsed magnetic fields are applied to the brain, typically requiring high-power stimulators with high voltages and low series impedance. TMS pulse generators for small animal coils, are underexplored, with limited dedicated circuits and simulation models. Here, we present a new design for a high-power TMS pulse generator for small animals, utilizing a pre-charged supercapacitor that is sufficient to produce repeated pulses for TMS applications without...